Photography fans using Aperture as their main editing solution will be glad to learn that Apple has released a new update for them, adding a flurry of tweaks and enhancements that are sure to improve the photo manipulation experience tenfold.

Image Size: 6 3/4 x 8 5/8 inches. The River Po, Luzzara, Italy, 1953 Paper Size: 20 x 16 inches Image Size: 6 3/4 x 8 1/2 inches. The Family, Luzzara, Italy, 1953 Paper Size: 20 x 16 inches Image Size: 8 1/2 x 10 3/4 inches. Tir A’Mhurain, South Uist, Hebrides, 1954 Paper Size: 20 x 16 inches Image Size: 9 1/4 x 11 3/4 inches. Changing the aperture from f/4 to f/2.8 is opening up the aperture by one stop and doubling the amount of light. Changing the aperture from f/8 to f/11 is stopping down the aperture by one stop and halving the amount of light. Change your aperture from f/16 to f/4 is opening up your aperture by 4 stops. Features an industry-first 10-degree spot optic from a mere 2.5-inch aperture. 600 to 1250 delivered lumens. 3 classic white color temperatures (2700K, 3000K, 3500K) SliverLED Complete. Highest performing 1-3/4' aperture downlight family with a dedicated USAI LED light engine. 500 to 1250 delivered lumens. Classic white and Warm. What's New in Aperture 3.4.2. Photos received via My Photo Stream or shared streams can now be added directly to other shared streams; Multiple email addresses can now be copied and pasted in the 'Shared with' field for shared streams; When more than five subscribers 'Like' a photo in a shared stream, all their names are now displayed correctly.

In Aperture 3.4.2, photos received through My Photo Stream or shared streams can now be added to other shared streams directly, while the Info panel for a shared stream now includes an Unsubscribe button.

A number of changes included in the latest iPhoto update are also making their way into the new Aperture.

For example, users can now copy and paste multiple email addresses in the 'Shared with' field for shared streams, and people names are now displayed correctly when more than five subscribers 'Like' a photo in a shared stream.

Users will notice that the status line in the toolstrip now displays the number of new photos added to a shared stream, and that faces are now detected properly.

Adjusted photos are now published with EXIF metadata properly preserved, and a user’s custom keyboard shortcuts are now properly preserved when performing an upgrade.

Aperture 1.4.1

A problem encountered by users that could prevent the Viewer from displaying edited images with the correct color has been addressed. Also, RAW files are no longer displayed in the Import window when users tick the 'JPEG files only' option.

Apple says “key photos” resulted from panoramas will be displayed at high resolution now. And stability is improved when working with AVCHD video files, according to the release notes.

Other enhancements and fixes are listed below.

· Addresses a problem that could cause the Info panel in the Inspector to display the wrong metadata view· Fixes an issue that could prevent Microsoft Outlook from being used to email photos from within Aperture· Fixes a problem with using the Zoom navigator on a second display· Addresses issues that could cause web journals to export incorrectly· Includes stability improvements

System requirements include OS X Lion 10.7.5 and OS X 10.8.2 or later.

Some of the statements about Bobby Shew are a little misleading because they are NOT complete. Yes Bobby Shew does use his tongue as you posted. BUT the story of his aperture does NOT stop there. He does buzz his lips (in practice as a warmup) and realizes the benefits of that buzzing. He even teaches some advanced (adult) students to lip buzz. He places a finger on each side of his lips about the distance of his mpc rim to isolate the buzz.

As far as aperture settings there are several subsections of a touching embouchure. There are people who use a “Bulldog face” like Roy Romans approach to the Stevens. It is tight and to me pinched. They go from that tight setting to barely touching and everything inbetween. You asked about the benefits of a touching apeture. That is outlined below.

First there is a vibration setup in the air in the tubing of the trumpet. And that vibration is responsible for the sound that we hear. Now how does that vibration start? If we wrap our lips around the leadpipe and blow all we get is a hiss. We can hear the air move but there is no vibration or tone. So then the lips have a part to play in this.

Players who use an open aperture need to get feedback inorder to produce a trumpet sound. This feedback is from the return of the waveform that they blew into the mouthpiece. They blew air through the lips it met some resistance and some of it returned to the lips adding a slight amount of back pressure to all of the lip surface. This helped them to complete their buzz and a note was produced.

The resistance that sent the wave back is actually from multiple sources:

1. The bottom of the mouthpiece cup
2. The mouthpiece throat
3. The mouthpiece backbore
4. The ambient air pressure in the horn
5. The taper in the leadpipe
6. The soft boundary at the end of the bell

What does the feedback actually do?
Well it closes the lip aperture enough to force a buzz to happen.

How does that affect trumpet playing?
From low g to g on top of the staff it has little affect. As you ascend from g on the staff up it requires more and more feedback to make the buzz. There is a point where the mouthpiece and the horn can NOT add enough feedback for the range to go up any more. The waves no longer return as the soft boundary is now past the end of the bell. The player resorts to feedback in the form of arm strength and mouthpiece to lip pressure to close the aperture.

Now the problem begins. Endurance, tone, range and everything else is hampered. Depending on your setup and playing requirements this problem can range from minor to very serious.

Why use a close or touching aperture?
If the lips already have a small enough aperture that you can buzz then NO feedback is needed. That includes arm strength and mouthpiece to lip pressure. I want to state for the record that there are people who can free buzz a high c and many can even free buzz a super c. However the ability to free buzz a middle c means that there is less need for pressure. The higher ones are just gravy as it were. There is always a point where the lips need some feedback. But if that happens over super c then that player has one heck of a lot of endurance. Although it is hard to break old habits and learn to free buzz; that ability makes playing the trumpet easier.

Total playing comes about when every trumpet related act is done in the same manner. This includes lip buzz, mouthpiece buzz, low c, high c , 2 octaves over high c, long tones, stacatto notes everything played with the same embouchure.

One problem here is that few people look at themselves playing so it is very easy to end up taking minor short cuts. At the Stevens Embouchure Clinic every student was taped so that they could see the changes that they were making.

Some people will buzz easier in a smile embouchure and some in a lip overlapping embouchure so they try to adopt it. This false buzzing does not help. It really needs to be the same embouchure that you actually play. Most players who have limited themselves because of embouchure end up with 4 and sometimes 5 different types of embouchures that they use.

They have a
1) lip buzzing embouchure,
2) a pedal tone embouchure (meaning they can NOT play pedals with the normal setting),
3) the real embouchure (low c – g on top of the staff).
4) a shifted setting when several high notes are played in a row (they will take a breath here and reset the chops) and finally some even have an
5) I’m tired setting that they play.
It is easy to start this type of thing and is also very deceiving as these changes are used to help in times of stress. You are not watching yourself and you are working your rump off to play NOT constantly checking to see if you are playing only one setting.

There are several senarios that can be seen here.

1 For some they remember the need to take a breath to accomplish a register change. It is a chance to complete the embouchure shift. Thousands of people do this without knowing that it is a shift. This limits your overall playing. Why can they play some lead charts well and others don’t come out right? Some songs don’t have breaks in the places needed for the embouchure shift to take place. They change registers too often or too fast. This works both ways a low setting not hitting the top notes and a high setting not allowing the lower notes to sound.

2 For some there is a consistent but limited range. They play great from low g to around high c ( I’ve seen some stall out at g on top of the staff). For some reason no matter who they take lessons from or how much they practice the range never really changes. This is really the same as player 1 only he has not picked up the squeel setting yet.

3 This player is fine except the playing time is always limited. However if high playing is involved then the time is shorter.

4 This player has a real problem with endurance. Some days with the right warm up he can play fine. But other days if the warm up was wrong the time limit is 20 – 30 minutes. If he pushes for it the next day is bad. If he misses a couple of days he is lost.

Players 3 & 4 will sometimes talk about pumping up the chops. And if they are pumped they play differently than normal. They can feel yesterdays playing still affecting the lips 12, 24, sometimes 48 hours later. This is not pumping up it is swelling caused by bruising the lips. Player 4 is different in that he has to keep a certain amount of swelling in the top lip to play at all. That’s why a weekend off leads to a bad day or two. They sometimes make a lump, knot, or flap swell up to get the lips to buzz.

These are alike in that they are all using an open aperture embouchure setting. They are not making the lips touch always. Some like player 1 cheat by means of an embouchure shift. Player 2 accepts it and lives with it. Both 3 & 4 use mouthpiece pressure to control the lip aperture.

The lip aperture is a result of the air. You start off with the lips close and touching a rush of air forces them apart and forms an aperture. The muscle tension tries to restore the normal touching and a vibration is set up. If the lips are apart before the air is delivered then pressure is used to make the lips close. The rim of the mouthpiece presses the soft lip muscles into the teeth and continues to press until they are flattened out and finally touch.

This can be checked by using a mouthpiece visualizer. If it is really used like you are playing. However the above 4 playing types all describe the problem already.

What is the cure for all of these problems?
Buzzing; Not with the mouthpiece but just the lips. It is 4 times harder. The mouthpiece is a crutch it cuts the vibrating surface of the lip in half and adds feedback. The portion under the rim and outside of the mouthpiece can’t buzz. Think about a guitar string when only half can vibrate the sound is an octave higher. Also the mouthpiece adds some back pressure from the backbore and throat bore. This helps to increase resistance so you can play higher. When you buzz your lips the entire surface gets a workout. That is why it strengthens your chops faster than playing. (This is an exercise to use for about 4 weeks to learn a closed lip setting. This is NOT a life long practice.) Also no mouthpiece means no mouthpiece preasure. That means no swelling, pain, damage… Lastly some players can not buzz their lips because they use too open an embouchure. They depend on mouthpiece pressure to flatten out the lips and push them together in order to play. These players need to make the lips touch.

When using a visualizer you try to buzz as you normally play and check several things. You can see your aperture as it is created by blowing the lips apart. You can see if your aperture is centered or if it is way off. You can see if you have a cushion or not, pinched lips, lips collapsing into the mouthpiece and other things . And when you stop buzzing you can see if your embouchure is touching or if you use pressure to close the gap.

Aperture shapes:

Apertures fall in 3 types flat causing a thin shrill sound. Oval causing the full sound we all seek. And Round causing a dull too dark sound.

Aperture is controlled by the mouth corners. If they pull out from normal then it is flat. If they stay put or come in slightly it is oval. And if they draw in to make a fish face it is round. When you draw the corners to make a more rounded or oval aperture then you must use a little more vertical lip compression or the lips separate.

These aperture shapes as well as the size are completely controlled by the muscles forming the embouchure and are independent of tongue level. There is a study involving a floroscope machine done in the 60’s that was published in the Instrumentalist. The arch of the tongue (tongue level) can affect the direction of the airstream and certainally the airspeed but not the shape or size of the lip aperture.

Finally aperture size can be affected in two directions height and length. It is the ability to control the length that most people ignore. There are some remarkable results to be found here by those willing to work on this. Jake said it very simply “think of making a fist with your mouth”. It draws in from all sides.

Aperture control is needed to play everything. However if the lips are not touching the air passing between them will not vibrate them and establish a sound. If the lips are separated and held in place by the mouthpiece then the only way to close them and produce is by using mouthpiece pressure.

“The term lip aperture refers to the space blown open for the necessary production of lip vibrations to create the sound. Permitting the lips to open at the vibrating points during the embouchure preparation, during the mouthpiece placement, during the inhalation and at the completion of the blowing is one of the principal contributing factors for lack of range, power, flexibility, endurance, ect. In the Pivot System the lip aperture must exist only during the actual blowing.”
from: “The Encyclopedia of the Pivot System” by Doctor Donald Reinhardt

“The cure for this inaccuracy is the regular practice of mouthpiece buzzing. Even more basic is the buzzing of the lips alone.” “The usual fault of students facing this playing problem is to permit the lip aperture to remain far too big in the upper register.”
from: ” The Art of Brass Playing’ by Phillip Farkas

“The lips are closed and semi-soft in the center.”
from: “Trumpet Isometrics” by Leon Merian

“Both lips touch each other all across the mouth.”
from “Super Chops” by Jerry Callet

“Moisten the lips slightly and with the lips lightly closed extend the lower jaw so the top and bottom teeth are aligned.”
from: “The Trumpeter’s Handbook” by Roger Sherman

Aperture 3.4 2 Pro

You might also read Malek’s brass players survey 1954,.

A Survey of Moderm Brass Teaching Philosophies by Bellamah,

Artistic Trumpet Technique & Study by Bush,

Brass Playing Mechanism & Technique by Hanson,

Jakes Method by Don Jacoby,

Prelude to Brass Playing by Mendez,

The Psychology of Cornet & Trumpet Playing by Dr. Noble,

3 Simple Things You Should Know About Aperture

Along with the books that I quoted from. & of course

“The No Nonsense Trumpet From A-Z” &
“Trumpet FAQ’s” by me. They are found at http://www.Bbtrumpet.com

Pops

F-number - Wikipedia